Jiawei Zhang, ‘Input out, output in: towards positive-sum solutions to AI-copyright tensions’

INTRODUCTION
Rapid evolution of various information technologies has galvanized copyright holders to extend their exclusive rights to these technology fields. However, hitting a sweet spot where copyright holders and information technology developers are both satisfied is always challenging. In very recent years, one of the most pressing issues has been to mitigate the tensions between copyright holders and artificial intelligence (AI) developers who use massive amounts of copyrighted data to train their AI models in order to generate human-like content, some of which might be substantially similar to the copyrighted work that the models are trained on. In response, copyright holders have voiced strong objections to the unauthorized use of their copyrighted work in AI model training. They have filed lawsuits all around the world, requesting the destruction of the datasets containing their copyrighted work. AI developers, however, counterargue that cleansing all copyrighted work from their datasets will make their services collapse …

Jiawei Zhang, Input out, output in: towards positive-sum solutions to AI-copyright tensions, Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice. Published: 1 August 2025.

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