INTRODUCTION
Who decides what kind of information the users of a website or a digital application may come across? The answer is: those traders who deploy a technology called recommender (or recommendation) systems (hereinafter ‘RSs’), which are algorithms that profile the users of a wide spectrum of information ecosystems, such as e-commerce, digital streaming and social network platforms, etc, to carry out personalization practices. These are forms of predictive analysis, which employ large amount of data to ‘adapt’ not only information stricto sensu, but also commercial communications, product and service offers, etc, to the inferred characteristics of each user. Although their primary function is alleviating information overloading, RSs are mostly applied by traders to implement forms of targeted behavioural advertising and/or personalised pricing …
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Roberta Montinaro, When ‘Clicks Are Cheating’, Journal of European Consumer and Market Law, volume 12, issue 6, pp 252-258 (2023).
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